.ini files - Synchronet

Synchronet v3.20d-Win32 (install) has been released (Mar-2025).
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====== INI Files ======

===== Configuration =====

Synchronet supports a variety of configuration files of different formats. A growing majority of these configuration files are of the [[wp>INI file]] type. Synchronet's INI configuration files are typically stored in the ''[[dir:ctrl]]'' directory, with a ''.ini'' filename suffix/extension.

^Filename Page             ^Default Contents^
|''[[cgi_env.ini]]''        |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/cgi_env.ini|cgi_env.ini]]|
|''[[formmail.ini]]''       |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/formmail.ini|formmail.ini]]|
|''[[ircbot.ini]]''         |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/ircbot.ini|ircbot.ini]]|
|''[[listserver.ini]]''     |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/listservier.ini|listserver.ini]]|
|''[[mailproc.ini]]''       |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/mailproc.ini|maillproc.ini]]|
|''[[mime_types.ini]]''     |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/mime_types.ini|mime_types.ini]]|
|''[[modopts.ini]]''        |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/modopts.ini|modopts.ini]]|
|''[[rss.ini]]''            |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/rss.ini|rss.ini]]|
|''[[sbbs.ini]]''           |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/sbbs.ini|sbbs.ini]]|
|''[[sbbsexec.ini]]''           |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/exec/sbbsexec.ini|sbbsexec.ini]]|
|''[[services.ini]]''       |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/services.ini|services.ini]]|
|''[[sexpots.ini]]''       |N/A|
|''[[sexyz.ini]]''       |N/A|
|''[[sockopts.ini]]''       |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/sockopts.ini|sockopts.ini]]|
|''[[web_handler.ini]]''    |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/web_handler.ini|web_handler.ini]]|
|''[[webicons.ini]]''       |[[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ctrl/webicons.ini|webicons.ini]]|

===== Database =====
INI files are also sometimes used for data storage (not related to configuration). This is popular with some JavaScript modules. Such files are typically stored in the ''[[dir:data]]'' or ''[[dir:xtrn]]'' directory hierarchies. When INI files are used for data storage purposes, they may or may not have a ''.ini'' file suffix/extension.

===== Filenaming =====

Synchronet supports a variety of configuration files of different formats. A growing majority of these configuration files are of the [[wp>INI file]] type. Synchronet's INI files are typically stored in the ''[[dir:ctrl]]'' directory, with a ''.ini'' filename suffix/extension.

All of Synchronet's INI filenames support a flexible naming convention so multi-host BBSes can share the same ''[[dir:ctrl]]'' directory, but have a subset of unique INI files particular to each host.

This flexible naming takes the normal base filename, for example, ''ctrl/services.ini'', and allows for the local host's name (host name or host.domain name) or platform description (e.g. "linux" or "win32") to be inserted before the ''.ini'' filename suffix/extension.

The order of preference (using ''ctrl/service.ini'' as an example base filename) is:
  - ''ctrl/services.//host.domain//.ini''
  - ''ctrl/services.//host//.ini''
  - ''ctrl/services.//platform//.ini''
  - ''ctrl/services.ini''

** NOTE: Only one file is actually used per host. **

==== Case Sensitivity ====
The INI filenames are not case sensitive.

===== Syntax =====
Synchronet uses the XPDEV library for it's INI file parsing and creation. The XPDEV INI file syntax closely matches that of the common use in Windows applications. The basic syntax is:

<file>
; INI files are plain text files that may be edited with a common text editor.

; Lines beginning with a semicolon are considered "comments" and are ignored.

; Blank lines are ignored.

; Values are assigned to "keys" with the syntax "keyname=value" on a line by themselves.

SomeKey=100
SomeOtherKey=Hello, world.

; Keys are sometimes grouped together into "sections". 
; A "section" begins with the section name enclosed in square-brackets:
[section1]
SectionKey=true

; Additional sections may be included.
; Keys (even with the same name) will not collide with those in other sections:
[section2]
SectionKey=42
</file>

The Synchronet/XPDEV INI file format has some minor deviations from the Windows INI format:
==== Root Section ====

Some Synchronet INI files support the concept of a //root section//, that is, a virtual section that consists of a set of ''key=value'' pairs in the file before any ''[section]'' tags. The //root section// is typically used for global or default values for other sections in the INI file. In some INI files, the //root section// is the only supported section and discovery of any ''[section]'' tags will terminate the file.

Example:
<file>
; This is the top of the file

; This is the root section
RootKey=Value

[some section]
;This is a section named "some section" (not the "root section")
SomeSectionKey=Value
</file>
==== Named Sections ====

All sections in an INI file, except for the [[#Root Section]], have a name (or some times, multiple names). Section names are used by application programs and scripts to find the set of keys they are interested in. Section names are not case sensitive.

==== Section With Multiple Names ====

A single section may go by more than one section name by separating the names in the ''[section]'' tag with a pipe (''|'') symbol.

Example:
  [Mail|Web]
  ; The keys in this section belong to both the "Mail" and "Web" sections 

Note: Since section names may not be reused in a single ''.ini'' file, a single section with more than one name will be the **only** representation of the named sections and any following section with one of the used names will be ignored.

==== Directives ====

INI file directives must be on a line by themselves and must begin with the ''!'' character.

=== EOF ===

A premature end-of-file may be defined by using the ''!eof'' directive. No lines after this directive will be parsed by the INI file parser.

Example:
  !eof

=== Include ===

Some INI files support the embedding of other files using the ''!include //filename//'' directive.

Example:
  !include another.ini

===== Editing =====

When an INI file must be edited by hand, any good text file editor should work fine.

==== Line Lengths ====

Each line in an INI file cannot be more than 2045 characters in length.

==== Line Termination ====

Lines may be terminated with a single LF character (Unix style) or CR/LF pair (DOS/Windows style).

==== Value Lengths ====

The maximum length of a value that may be assigned to key (e.g. ''key=value'') is 1023 characters.

==== Value Termination ====

String values are terminated by a new-line sequence or the end of file.

Trailing white-space is normally removed from the string value, unless the ''key:value'' syntax is used (instead of ''key=value'').

==== Boolean Values ====
For keys that only support a simple //true// or //false// value, the following values will be evaluated as a //true// value:
  * ''true'' (case-insensitive)
  * ''yes'' (case-insensitive)
  * ''on'' (case-insensitive)
  * Any non-zero number

Any other value will be evaluated as a //false// value.

==== Byte Values ====

For keys that indicate a number of bytes (e.g. of memory, file, or disk), the value may be specified in kilobytes (e.g. ''500K''), megabytes (e.g. ''1.5M''), gigabytes (e.g. ''16G''), terabytes (''1T''), and exabytes (''0.5E'').

==== Enumerated Values ====

Some keys support values specified either by number (typically from ''0'' through n) or by a symbolic name for each supported value. These are referred to a enumerated values.

A numeric value higher than the highest supported enumerated value will be treated the same as the highest supported enumerated value.

=== Log Levels ===

''LogLevel'' keys are one example of a key with enumerated values. The ''LogLevel'' value may be specified as a decimal number (from ''0'' to ''7'') or by specifying one of the following enumerated names:

^Value ^Name ^
|0     |Emergency    |
|1     |Alert        |
|2     |Critical     |
|3     |Error        | 
|4     |Warning      |
|5     |Notice       |
|6     |Informational|
|7     |Debugging    |

Log entries with a log level //higher// than the specified ''LogLevel'' value will not be logged/displayed.

The ''Debugging'' (7) log level enables //all// possible log output.

==== Bit-field Values ====

Some key values may be specified as a series of numeric values separated by the ''|'' (ASCII 124) character. The numeric values may be specified with the literal decimal or hexadecimal value or, more commonly, using a representative name. The individual values are bit-wise OR'd together to produce the end result for the key value.

=== Options ===

''Options'' keys are one example of a key with a bit-field value. The value is usually made up of one or more option names separated by the ''|'' character. Which option names are supported depends on which //section// the ''Options'' key is located.

Common Options (e.g. from the [[sbbs.ini]] file) include:

  * ''NO_HOST_LOOKUP''
  * ''NO_RECYLCE''
  * ''NO_JAVASCRIPT''
  * ''GET_IDENT''
  * ''MUTE''

These could be specified in a ''.ini'' file like so: 
  Options = NO_HOST_LOOKUP | NO_RECYCLE | GET_IDENT
 

===== Source Code =====

Synchronet's INI file support comes from the XPDEV C library. The main source file is [[http://cvs.synchro.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/src/xpdev/ini_file.c]].

===== See Also =====

  * [[:config:index|Configuration]]
  * [[sbbs.ini]]
  * [[services.ini]] 
  * [[config:cfg_files|CFG Files]]
  * [[config:cnf_files|CNF Files]]
Trace: • Configurando Fidonet • Barren Realms Elite • Use Fail2Ban on GNU/Linux to block botnet's attacks • Synchronet/DSZ "Hack" of 1993 • Use BinkD with Synchronet and SBBSecho • SBBSecho - FidoNet Tosser • TickIT - FidoNet TIC File Processor • Instalación UNIX/Linux • BinkIT - FidoNet Mailer • Relay Incoming SMTP Mail through Vertrauen